The Mumbai Coastal Road: A Case Study in Controversy

By Dr Eugene Itua

The Mumbai Coastal Road project ignited vigorous discussions, shedding light on the intricate interplay between the imperative for economic advancement, the need for environmental preservation, and the pursuit of social fairness.

These debates underscore the project’s multifaceted challenges and the confluence of diverse interests, highlighting the broader tensions between the push for development, the imperative of environmental conservation, and the pursuit of social justice.

Beyond the well-documented environmental and social issues, the project has been entangled in several other controversies, as outlined below.

Environmental concerns: Marine habitat destruction is a concern as land reclamation threatens marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Another is mangrove destruction, with construction impacting mangrove forests, which are crucial for coastal protection.

Impact on fishers: There is a livelihood threat as the project restricts access to fishing grounds, affecting livelihoods. In addition to that, there are navigation issues, as narrow navigation spans hinder fishing activities.

Legal and regulatory issues: The CRZ violations are worth mentioning. The project may violate Coastal Regulation Zone norms. Another is the flawed ESIA report. There were allegations of a flawed socio-economic impact assessment.

Economic viability: One is cost escalation, a significant increase in project costs. Another focus is the benefit analysis. Critics argue that there are limited benefits for a small population and cite substantial environmental and social costs.

Public protests and opposition: Local communities, environmentalists, and activists oppose the project. There was also political opposition, with various political parties and leaders expressing concerns.

Outdated planning: Regarding transport efficiency, critics argue for investing in public transportation instead. Per urban planning, the project may not align with modern urban planning principles.

Regulatory and legal issues: The Project benefited from controversial amendments to CRZ laws. Also, multiple legal challenges have been filed against the project.

Public health concerns: Air quality is highlighted; increased vehicular traffic could lead to higher air pollution. Then, there is noise pollution, as construction and road use could increase unwanted noise.

Impact on coastal ecosystems: The project could alter tidal patterns, affecting the coastal environment. Also, the project may increase the risk of flooding in certain areas.

Lessons for the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway

The controversies above underscore the complex and often conflicting interests in large infrastructure projects. Public opinion significantly impacted the project’s implementation, highlighting the importance of addressing environmental and social concerns in large infrastructure projects.

The Mumbai Coastal Road controversy offers valuable insights into the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway project, particularly in terms of [specific lessons learned from the Mumbai Coastal Road project].

The Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway project presents a unique opportunity for Nigeria to develop critical infrastructure while safeguarding its natural resources and the well-being of its citizens. The project is expected to bring specific benefits.

The Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway is promising for Nigeria’s development, economic growth, and improved connectivity. The specific benefits and opportunities associated with the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway include enhanced national integration, economic opportunities and trade, community connectivity and relationships, infrastructure corridor, improved travel efficiency, enhanced connectivity, unlocking development potential, scenic views and beach proximity, relieving congestion, multi-modal transit artery, integration with existing routes and rail lines and transportation flexibility are some of the specific benefits and opportunities associated with the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway.

The Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway Project represents a transformative opportunity for Nigeria, combining economic development with environmental considerations. It’s a step toward a more connected, prosperous, and sustainable future. While the project primarily focuses on transportation, its positive impact on the environment can contribute to a greener economy.

Reduced emissions: Efficient transportation reduces carbon emissions, benefiting air quality and sustainability. This is just one way the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway project will contribute to a greener economy.

Promoting sustainable practices: The project can incorporate eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs.

Enhanced livelihoods: Job creation and economic growth can lead to better living standards and increased environmental awareness.

The Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway is a transformative project with far-reaching implications for Nigeria’s economic growth and regional connectivity. Integrating rail systems and enhancing transportation options promises to create a seamless and sustainable network for passengers and cargo. It has prioritised environmental protection, social justice, and sustainable development through various measures. This approach will maximise the benefits, and the project will leave a positive legacy for future generations.

The Lagos-Calabar Highway project has prioritised the conduct of a rigorous and independent Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) to assess the project’s potential environmental and social impacts thoroughly, meaningful consultation with affected communities is not just a formality but a crucial step in the project’s success, and letting their voices be heard and their concerns addressed. This ensures their well-being and makes them feel involved and valued in decision-making. The project has prioritised adhering to all relevant environmental and social regulations as not just a requirement but a commitment to integrity. This avoids issues that could lead to legal challenges and delays and instils a sense of security and confidence in the project’s integrity.

It has also prioritised conducting a thorough cost-benefit analysis to ensure the project is economically viable and benefits a broad range of stakeholders.

In addition, it underlines the fact that open communication with the public is not just a courtesy but a key aspect of the project’s transparency. Providing regular updates on project progress and promptly addressing concerns keeps the public informed and reassures them of the project’s transparency and accountability.

In conclusion, as Nigeria embarks on its ambitious infrastructure projects, such as the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway, it comprehends the vital need to glean relevant information from the Mumbai Coastal Road controversy. By assimilating the lessons from the Mumbai Coastal Road project, Nigeria ensures that the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway is developed in a sustainable, fair, and environmentally responsible manner.

Dr Eugene Itua (Regional Coordinator, West Africa Capitals Coalition Hub and Nigeria Chair, International Institute of Risk and Safety Management)